Cylinder head structure



June 27, 1939. -l. E. ASKE CYLINDER HEAD STRUCTURE Filed Sept. 20, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 27, 1939. a. E. ASKE CYLINDER HEAD STRUCTURE Filed Sept. 20, 1937 '2 Sheets-Sheet 2 llllllllllllllllllllllllll 'ig [EV/N6 E 65m: \QM Om Patented June 27, 1939 UNITED "STATES PATENT OFFICE CYLINDER HEAD STRUCTURE of Michigan Application September 20, 1937, Serial No. 164,693

3 Claims.

My invention relates to cylinder heads and particularly to an improved cylinder head structure adapted to be applied to the top end of cylinder blocks of internal combustion engines for closing the cylinder bores thereof and to provide the combustion chambers of such engines. It is a primary object and purpose of the presentinvention to provide a composite cast iron and steel cylinder head structure having cooling fluid circulating cavities therein between the iron which, as the under member of the head comes directly against the pressure sealing gasket at the upper end of the cylinder block to which the head is attached, and a Wrought steel member spaced therefrom but connected to the cast iron portion of the head at its outer edges and to the several upwardly extending lugs thereon, the cast iron and the steel having an intimate fused connection which insures against cooling fluid leakage. As a result of this construction the engine or cylinder head structure produced is lighter than the all cast iron heads, has the required strength and durability and is not subject to danger of cracking when subjected to sudden changes in temperature.

An understanding of the invention may be had from the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a plan view looking downward on my improved cylinder head structure.

Fig. 2 is an under plan view of the lower or cast metal portion of the cylinder head.

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section through my completed cylinder head structure, the sec- 5 tion being taken on the line II of Fig. 2 looking in the direction the arrow indicates.

Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section of my cylinder head structure taken on the line IX--IX of Fig. 1.

40 Fig. 5 is a fragmentary horizontal section of my cylinder head structure as taken substantially on the plane of the broken line VV of Fig. 3, looking in a downward direction, and

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section of my cylinder 45 head structure as on the line IV-IV of Fig. 1.

Like reference characters refer to like parts in the different figures of the drawings.

The cast metal cylinder closing member I of my improved head structure has an under, cyl- 50 inder bore closing face which lies against the upper end of the cylinder block to which the completed cylinder head structure is attached. The member I is of a size to completely cover the upper end of the engine block and has upwardly 55 extending lugs 2 and similar border lugs 3 with vertical openings therethrough for the passage of bolts for securing the head to the cylinder block. In the underside of the cylinder closing member I are combustion chamber recesses 4 over each of which is an upwardly extending spark plug boss 5 5 which, in the finished head structure, has a vertical opening therethrough interiorly threaded as at 6, in which a spark plug may be screwed. Extending around the outer edge of the cast cylinder closing member I is an upwardly extending 10 continuous rib I.

The upper or sheet metal cooling fluid enclosing member 8 of the cylinder head structure is of pressed or drawn wrought metal, preferably steel, at its edge portions provided with down- 15 wardly turned flanges 9. The flanges are embedded in the rib I substantially midway between its opposite sides and also, as shown in Fig. 4, embedded in the outer portions of the border lugs 3. Likewise, the upper or wrought steel 20 member 8 is connected with the lugs 2 and 3 adjacent their upper ends, extending partially into and being embedded within the outer portions of said lugs. The wrought metal member 8 between its ends is provided with a plurality of 25 transverse upwardly extending ribs or corrugations I0 extending transversely of the cooling fluid enclosing member 8, and with shorter transverse corrugations or upwardly extending ribs II at the places shown in the drawings. The 30 wrought metal member 8 is likewise formed with a cooling fluid outlet neck I2 to which a hose connection is secured in service at one end. the opposite end of the hose having connection with the upper end of a radiator through which the cooling fluid used may be circulated for cooling, as is common with liquid cooled engines.

The cast metal cylinder closing member I at its lower side has vertical openings I3 therethrough Y communicating with the chamber which is enclosed between the said cast member I and the wrought metal cooling fluid chamber enclosing member 8. Said openings I 3, when the engine head structure is applied to the cylinder block, are in register with other openings through the pressure sealing gasket and in the upper end of the cylinder block so that the cooling fluid may circulate both in the cylinder block and in the cylinder head. Around the spark plug bosses 5 the sheet metal member 8 is depressed and in efiect countersunk, as at I4, the lower edge portions of the countersunk depressions being embedded in the bosses 5 and have a fused connection therewith the same as described with respect to the lugs 2 and 3.

In the production of my novel composite engine cylinder head structure, a suitable pattern is prepared corresponding to the form of the completed cylinder head structure. From this pattern a sand mold is prepared in a flask in the usual manner with proper runner gates and risers for feeding the molten metal to the mold cavity.

The wrought steel member 8 is formed preferably by pressing in dies and when blanked and pressed to form, is placed in the mold. Cores are then provided and placed within the cooling fluid chamber enclosing member 8, said cores corresponding to the cooling fluid circulation chamber or cavity in the finished structure. The cavities of the mold when it is ready for pouring or feeding molten metal therein correspond to said cylinder closing member I with the lugs 2 and 3 and bosses 5 thereon, which cavities are filled with the molten metal when the pouring and feeding operation takes place. The molten metal surrounds the edge portions of the inturned flanges 9 and also the edge portions around the openings in the member 8 which are made in the bottoms of the spark plug depressions l4 and around the places where the lugs 2 and 3 are located.

The temperature of the molten metal used is high and in practice should be at least 2700" F. or higher. At every place Where the wrought steel and molten iron come together it will be noted that the steel extends into or is embedded in the iron so as to be contacted thereby on both sides and with a comparatively heavy section of the iron with reference to the thickness of the steel. This insures that there will be a partial melting of the surface of the steel and an intermingling of the molten iron and the steel at the surface portions of the steel where the iron engages the steel to make a complete fusion bond between the cast iron and the steel, and, therefore, seal the cooling fluid chamber against leakage of said fluid between the said cast iron cylinder closing member I and the outer wrought metal cooling fluid chamber enclosing member 8.

In the operation of casting, the molten iron used eifects a heating of the mold and also the steel member 8. The temperature of the member 8 is at times raised to 1000 F. To equalize expansion of the parts or their subsequent contrac tion, the corrugation or ribs I0 and II in the member 8 may spread open or come together laterally. The temperature of the steel member 8 not being as high at its extended back surface as the cast iron when such iron has become solidified, the iron will contract a greater amount than the steel with a movement of the sides of the ribs or corrugations l0 and H toward each other and without setting up of undue stresses in the completed composite head. When the cylinder head structure made in accordance with my invention is applied and secured to the upper end of an internal combustion engine cylinder block and the engine is operated, the heat developed by combustion of the fuel mixture heats the cast iron cylinder closing member I to a much higher degree of temperature than the cooling fluid chamber enclosing member 8, whereupon the corrugations described spread to take care of the greater expansion of the iron member without danger of rupture to the connection of the steel member with the cast iron member. It is also evident that the danger of cracking an overheated cylinder head is minimized, the cooling fluid chamber being surrounded at its outside by wrought metal, such as steel or the like, which does not crack on rapid contraction when subjected to sudden changes in temperature.

A major property or advantage of an engine cylinder head structure as built in accordance with my invention is that the joinder of the steel and cast iron, being a full and complete fusion or molecular connection, provides a. complete sealing of the chamber through which the cooling fluid circulates against danger of leakage. This is a matter of prime importance in any in ternal combustion engine cylinder head where the engine is of the so-called water cooled type. Leakage of the cooling liquid must be insured against. With my present invention the connection of the steel and cast iron being in eifect an integral connection, positively insures against leakage at all joints between the cast iron and steel because of their intimate fused joinder.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An engine cylinder head comprising a cylinder closing member of cast metal adapted to be located over and attached to the upper end of an internal combustion engine cylinder block, said cast metal member having upwardly projecting lugs with vertical openings therethrough adapted for the passage of bolts for connecting the cylinder head to said engine block, and a sheet metal member spaced from the upper side of said cast metal member provided with turned flanges around its edges embedded in the peripheral portions of the cast member and at the upper side of said cast metal member, said sheet metal member surrounding the upper end portions of said lugs and embedding therein, as specified.

2. An engine cylinder head comprising a cylinder closing and under member of cast iron adapted to be located over and secured to the upper end of an internal combustion engine cylinder block, said cast iron member having a plurality of vertical lugs integral therewith and extending upwardly therefrom, each having a vertical opening therethrough thru which a bolt to secure the cylinder head to the engine cylinder block is adapted to pass, a cooling fluid chamber enclosing member of wrought sheet steel located above and over and spaced from said inner and under cast iron member and formed at its edge portions with turned flanges embedding in and fused to the outer edge portions of said cast iron member, said wrought steel member lying within the upper ends of said lugs and embedding in the upper end portions thereof and fused thereto.

3. An engine cylinder head comprising, a cylinder closing member of cast metal having a rib around the outer edge portion thereof, and an outer cooling fluid chamber enclosing member of wrought sheet metal spaced therefrom having its edge portions turned toward said rib and embedded therein between the sides thereof, said last named member having a plurality of transverse outwardly extending corrugations therein, the sides of said corrugations adapted to spread apart or move toward each other under variations of temperature.

IRVING E. ASKE. 

